It has been proven that high blood pressure is the result of the sclerosis of arteries and the causes of serious heart disease.People with increased indicators diagnose arterial hypertension.Due to the narrowing of vessels that lost elasticity, there is an increase in pressure in others.This slows down blood circulation and increases the load on the heart.
Norma and pathology of blood pressure
Optimal blood pressure is the value of the 120/80 mm tonometer.Rt.Art.The pressure is considered an increased when arterial indicators become the station to cross the norm of comfortable for people by 10%.
Temporary fluctuation of blood pressure, differences during the day is a common occurrence.
| Phase of hypertension | Systolic indicator (garden), mm.Rt.Art. | Diastolic indicator (Dad), mm.Rt.Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Optimal blood pressure | 120 | 80 |
| Norm | From 120 to 130 | From 80 to 85 |
| Prevention | From 130 to 140 | From 85 to 90 |
| GB 1 phase (soft hypertension) | From 140 to 160 | From 90 to 100 |
| GB 2 phase (moderate) | From 160 to 180 | From 100 to 110 |
| GB 3 phase | More than 180 | More than 110 |
| Isag (isolated systolic arterial hypertension | More than 140 | Less than 90 |
Why is a person dangerous in a person?
Initial symptoms of increased pressure: weakness, light dizziness, bad sleep, flies before the eyes take a person for signs of fatigue, which does not determine the advancement of hypertension without any medical care.
If you do not leave a situation without attention, the serious consequences of high pressure cannot be avoided, a person can wait:
- infarction;
- Stroke;
- Acute heart failure;
- pulmonary thromboembolism;
- Stratification or gap of aorta.
In the final phases of these diseases, it is possible for a fatal outcome.A particularly serious form of disease is malignant hypertension.It was diagnosed in one of two hundred patients, more often - men.The disease does not stop in any drugs, drugs even worsen the patient's condition.A person "burn" six months for complications.
Hypertension risk factors
High blood pressure is closely linked to risk factors that can be single or external (acquired).
| Individual risk factors | External factors of causing |
|---|---|
| Genetic predisposition: If both parents suffer from hypertension, the disease is developed in children in more than 50% of cases (risk of hypertension in children, whose parents had normal blood pressure - no more than 20%) | Alimentary: a diet of atherogeneous profile with a large number of saturated fatty acids (sausage, smoked meats, cakes, chocolate, snacks), daily use of a large amount of salt (more than 5 g) |
| Age: Increased pressure is developing in 15% - aged 50 to 60, in 30% - from 60 to 70, 40% older than 70 years | Smoking - It has been proven to be from Nicotine that blood pressure is growing: stroke and heart attack in smokers occur 2-3 times more often than non-smokers |
| Paul: The prevalence of arterial hypertension under 40 years in men is much greater than in women, later these differences are smoothed | Excessive coffee consumption Every day is harmful to the color of blood vessels, causing their spasm and automatically increasing pressure |
| Obesity: Dependence between body mass and blood pressure levels is a straight line.Plus 10 kg increases the systolic indicator for 2-3 units, and diastolic-by 1-3. In fat people, hypertension occurs 2-6 times more often (in 78% of men and 64% of women, arterial hypertension occurs due to excessive body weight), weight loss leads to pressure reduction |
The flexible causes of increased pressure are stress, overvoltage, repeated negative emotions, psycho -emotional overload, mental competition |
| Personal Features: An easy exciting nervous system, ambition, suspicion, dissatisfaction, tireless desire for competition are reasons why the pressure increases too much emotional people | Sedentary lifestyle: In hypodynamic people, the risk of arterial hypertension is 25% higher than in physically active or trained (physical activity during the work activity increases blood pressure and decreases during rest) |
| Race: African Americans, mostly female, a drop in the risk group | Alcoholism - destroys the liver, violates metabolic processes, negatively affects the colorful vessel (toxins) |
People are prone to hypertension to remind you from which pressure is still increasing, this is: improper working day, night shifts, professional harmfulness, frequent climate change, time zones.
Main reasons to increase blood pressure
In addition to provoking the moments or background on which hypertension appears, high pressure causes specific causes that can be physiologically or pathologically.
| Physiological | Pathological |
|---|---|
| Pregnancy | Cloud-brain injury |
| Drugging: nsaide, diuretics, intoxicating substances, hormone contraceptives | Kidney, heart, brain, liver function disorder |
| Hormonal background fluctuations: puberty, menopause, menstruation | Somatic diseases, foci of chronic infection |
| Anatomical characteristics of the structure of the human body | Vsd |
| Insomnia of any genesis | Dislipidemia and increase the content of the acid urine level |
| Have elevators | Diabetes |
| Targets -sensitivity | Tumors |
| Long time no treat migraines | Thrombosis or vascular embolism |
| Hot sauna or bathroom | Osteochondrosis |
Symptoms and signs of arterial hypertension
With increased pressure, the person begins to feel discomfort, whose first signs are becoming:
- Headaches, a sense of grip temples with a hoop;
- the feeling that the head "stale";
- dizziness;
- noise in ears, shaking flies in front of the eyes;
- unpleasant sensation behind the sternum;
- Weakness;
- Sleep disorders.
These initial symptoms of hypertension.A person is increasing blood pressure for excessive work, fatigue.Without treatment, the situation gradually switches into border or labile hypertension, which characterizes pressure fluctuations, such as pendulum.Occurs in different age gatherings and may be:
- Young;
- neurotic;
- menopause;
- alcohol;
- Sports;
- Professional.
Her main features are considered:
- Epodic increase in blood pressure from 140/90 to 160/95 (in the US and the European Union - from 130/85 to 140/90) and never beyond these limits;
- Independent normalization of pressure without additional intervention;
- Lack of changes in the target authorities: Heart, kidneys, brain, bloody sail;
- Reliable excluded symptomatic (secondary) hypertension.
The constantly high arterial pressure remained without attention will become the main cause of hypertension.It is characterized by the following symptoms:
- Violence of vision sharpness;
- interruptions in the work of the heart with acute pain behind the sternum;
- Punte cheeks, a feeling of warmth all over the body;
- Cold limbs with partial loss of sensitivity, stiffness;
- Narbat;
- Fatigue, anxiety of nervousness;
- tachycardia;
- Temple pulsation;
- sweating or inner conversion;
- Month;
- anxiety;
- a feeling of complete gap, can't;
- Premurox, unconsciousness;
- muscle cramps;
- Shivering arm and leg.
Increased pressure in pregnant women has its own special events, this is:
- Sharp deterioration in well-being;
- pain in the back of the head;
- veil in front of the eyes;
- noise in ears;
- vomits;
- High temperature;
- red face;
- nasal bleeding;
- Weight in your feet.
Any of these characters or symptoms suggest tonometry and in a timely search for a doctor.
What to do if the pressure has increased?
High pressure remained without attention can cause mortal and intal complications: cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular insufficiency, chronic kidney diseases.
Think about what to do at home if hell defeats:
- To help the person find a practical relaxation rest (preferably semi-American, high pillows);
- Ensure complete peace (no sound, not irritating light, without movement);
- Open windows - oxygen flow;
- Prepare a hot beach and, when stabilizing the number of blood pressure, lower your legs in it for 10 minutes, which will ensure the outflow of your head, improve welfare;
- By increasing the pressure, you can put mustard to the back of your head or caviar for 5-15 minutes, make a compression from the apple sirgar to your feet;
- Relax in a chair or in a chair, straighten your back, inhale deeply with your nose, exhale with your mouth (5 times);
- You can collapse high pressure on your back: to exhale, it is necessary to stop breath for 2 seconds, which normalizes the emotional background in 5 minutes, reduces blood pressure to 30 units, see video;
- Acupuncture point massage under oil or half inches towards the nose from it, as well as the points between the eyebrows, are possible in the nose.
Without a doctor, hoping for yourself, taking any drugs unacceptable.
Medications
They are prescribed by a doctor for chronic hypertension, when pressure is 160/90 and a higher, strict individual, connection with the cause of hypertension and the nature of its course.
| Drug groups | Mechanism of action |
|---|---|
| ACE blockers | Inhibited vasoconstrictive enzymes |
| Diuretika | Excess liquid removes, balancing the total amount of circulating blood |
| Calcium antagonists | Balancing calcium ions that are not associated with proteins needed for normal myocardial functioning |
| Beta Blockers | Reduce heart rate, blood pressure (cannot be used for diabetes and asthma) |
| Alpha blockers | They reduce the pressure early |
| Vasodilators | Expand the vessels, removing spasm |
| Angiotenzin-2 antagonists | Block the angiotenzine kidney, narrowing vessels |
Possible complications
When the pressure increases, this implies dangerous body disorders:
- Arrhythmias of different genesis;
- tachycardia;
- Hypoxia, tissue and organ ischemia;
- artery stenosis, capillary;
- Violation of Aldosterone synthesis with edema development, increasing the total amount of circular blood;
- Reduction of kidney function;
- Development of atherosclerosis;
Serbs in the metabolic system ultimately lead to acute conditions incompatible with life (heart attack, stroke, acute heart failure).
Prevention
The doctor will help create an individual high pressure prevention program, the main events are as follows:
- Weight control (each + 1 kg increases blood pressure for several units);
- Balanced diet;
- Discard bad habits;
- physical activity;
- correct change of rest and work;
- good sleep;
- Positive mood every day.
The elderly recommends the treatment of the sanatorium-resorl.